Investigando o Vaso de Madalena: A evolução do vaso da unção desde a Idade Média aos inícios dos tempos modernos

Resumo

Na arte da Europa medieval e dos primórdios da moderna, Maria Madalena pode ser identificada pelo vaso que segura. Muitos outros estudos iconográficos sobre Maria Madalena mencionam o vaso que contém os ungentos, sendo este mencionado como um dos atributos que permitem identificar a figura. Este artigo pretende explorar os ricos significados e conotações deste objecto para além do simples significante visual, estudando-o, na forma, materiais e função, através de uma perspectiva antropológica. Partirá do exame de um corpus de imagens italianas, que foram matriciais na invenção da iconografia de Maria Madalena. recorrendo ao conceito de “ícone indígena”, tal como foi definido por Hans Belting, mas ter-se-á em atenção a importância do mecenato franciscano, que tanto investiu da sua particular tensão de piedade na representação desta santa. O artigo analisa um período cronológico particularmente marcado pela criatividade dos artistas italianos, desde o painel de 1270 de Guido da Siena até ao início da era moderna com o Pitti Magdalene de Ticiano de 1535. Do século XIII ao século XVI, os resultados demonstrarão uma ligação íntima entre a conversão de Maria Madalena, a sua feminilidade, e o seu papel na narrativa da redenção. Após este período, com a atitude mais normativa da Contra-Reforma, o vaso parece ter perdido alguma da sua anterior densidade. 

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