Os Ducas e a recompensa dificilmente dividida: a busca (fracassada) por poder partilhado no governo de Aleixo I (1081-1118)

Résumé

A rebelião que levou os Comnenos ao poder, em 1081, foi bem-sucedida e resultante de vários apoios, o mais importante dos quais foi dado pelos Ducas, uma linhagem que já havia controlado o poder imperial e com a qual Aleixo era ligado por matrimônio. A posição tradicional da historiografia é de que esse foi o início de um governo aristocrático no qual os parentes do imperador desfrutavam de uma parcela do poder. Entretanto, estudos mais recentes contestam a extensão da distribuição de poder sob os Comnenos (1081-1118), alegando que esses imperadores eram mais centralizadores e tradicionais do que se pensava anteriormente. No entanto, de fato, os imperadores distribuíram o poder, principalmente Aleixo I (1081-1118), mas de forma mais restrita e pontual. Assim, em função do papel dos Ducas na rebelião, esperava-se que Aleixo I compartilhasse o poder com essa família, mas preferiu fazê-lo com sua mãe e seu irmão. Os Ducas, sentindo-se melindrados, não pouparam esforços para buscar espaço no regime, resultando em uma série de crises internas que contrapuseram diversos membros desse consorcio familiar que havia tomado o poder. Por fim, não foram bem-sucedidos. Contudo, essa reivindicação por poder partilhado produziu uma identidade paralela dos Ducas e discursos correspondentes, os quais perduraram após a morte de Aleixo I e continuaram existindo durante o reinado de João II (1118-1143). Esta identidade enfatizava o papel desta família na tomada do poder e na legitimação do novo imperador, assim como demandava espaço e poder. Este artigo tratará destes temas.

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