Jerusalém, 1099: da cidade muçulmana à cidade cristã

Resumo

Após mais de quatro séculos e meio de domínio muçulmano, em 15 de julho de 1099, Jerusalém foi conquistada pelos cruzados, transformando-se novamente, durante os 88 anos seguintes, numa cidade cristã. Nessa época, a população da cidade media-se talvez em centenas, não nos milhares dos períodos anteriores, mas tudo indica que terá crescido após a conquista. Por finais do século XII, a população parece ter recuperado os níveis anteriores, tendo então entre 20.000 a 30.000, ou seja, aproximadamente o mesmo tamanho de Acre, Tiro, Florença, ou Londres no mesmo período. Além destas flutuações demográficas e da redução da área das muralhas, o artigo analisa o impacto do domínio cristão nas estruturas da cidade. Da conversão, em 1101, da antiga mesquita al- Aqṣā num palácio régio, e, depois, no convento central do Templo, à renovação do alcácer como uma fortaleza de planta triangular, e, sobretudo, às alterações do Santo Sepulcro, com o alargamento da igreja e a junção de um claustro monástico.

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